Dielectric Behavior of Power Transformers Installed in Kashmir Valley: Case Studies and Challenges

Transformers are widely regarded as a fundamental component within electrical systems. During the operation of transformers, they are exposed to various thermal, mechanical, and electrical stressors. Furthermore, the operational efficiency of the transformer is greatly influenced by the prevailing weather conditions in a given geographical area. Environment-related factors such as ambient temperature, rainfall, humidity, etc., have a detrimental impact on the operation and dielectric properties of transformers. Hence, there exists a variation in the operational efficiency of transformers installed in colder climates when compared to those installed in places where there are higher temperatures. In places that have low temperatures, transformers are susceptible to unfavorable operating conditions, including a drop in viscosity, malfunctioning of the cooling system which leads to increased operating pressure, increased moisture levels owing to snowfall, and the accumulation of ice, all of which contribute to the degradation of the paper insulation. In order to investigate the performance of transformers deployed in cold regions, transformers installed in cold regions of India, like Jammu and Kashmir have been examined. A thorough investigation has been conducted to investigate the influence of ambient temperature and loading conditions on dielectric characteristics.