Staged Preputial Graft for Primary Proximal Hypospadias
摘要
Treatment of proximal hypospadias continues to pose significant challenges for surgeons. In cases where spongiosa bifurcation is located below the pubic bone, or where penile curvature exceeds 45°, a procedure termed staged preputial graft can be used to enable repair. The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate key elements of the staged preputial graft technique.