Natural Compound Toxicity: An Egregiously Overlooked Topic

Organisms possess the capacity to biosynthesize a diverse array of natural compounds, particularly secondary metabolites, that have crucial therapeutic potential. However, it is important to acknowledge that some of these compounds demonstrate notable toxicity which is a complex issue influenced by various factors such as structural characteristics of the compound, dosage, individual variability, and exposure duration. The immediate adverse health effects of natural compounds involve acute poisoning, which might appear as a range of allergic reactions, as well as intense gastrointestinal distress. The possible long-term health consequences comprehend effects on the immunological, reproductive, and neurological systems and the possibility of cancer formation. Numerous studies have been conducted to substantiate the potential of secondary metabolites as viable candidates for medicinal applications. Nevertheless, a restricted body of research conducted by scholars has illustrated the toxicological effects of naturally occurring chemicals. The importance of ensuring the safe use of natural substances cannot be overstated, particularly given their increasing prominence as nutritional supplements, medicinal agents, and food products. Conducting a thorough study on the detrimental impacts of natural chemicals is significantly important. The primary focus of this chapter is an in-depth examination of natural compound diversity and their toxicity.