Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antifungal Mechanism of Action

Infectious diseases, particularly fungal infections, continue to pose substantial challenges to global public health. This chapter explores the promising role of plant-based nanoparticles in addressing these challenges. Utilizing eco-friendly green synthesis methods, these nanoparticles, including silver, palladium, zinc oxide, selenium, copper and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, exhibit extraordinary antifungal properties. They offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for various applications, such as nanomedicine, agriculture and cosmetics. The chapter also delves into the characterization of nanoparticles, employing techniques like dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These methods provide crucial insights into nanoparticle properties, aiding in their optimization for diverse applications. Furthermore, the mechanisms of antifungal activity of plant-based nanoparticles are discussed, including their ability to disrupt fungal cell walls, perturb cell membranes, interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis, disrupt biofilms and affect protein synthesis pathways. These nanoparticles offer innovative solutions to combat fungal infections, addressing limitations associated with conventional antifungal drugs and contributing to improved public health.