High Precision Water Level Sensor Design and Development for Wireless Sensor Network in Agricultural IoT (AIoT)

Water in agriculture is a necessity without which crops cannot grow worldwide. Irrigation of crops with the right quantity of water is significant to maintain their health and proper growth. Over the previous years, rainfall patterns have fluctuated mainly due to climate change. Due to this, many farmers over the world have suffered enormous losses in terms of crop yield and economy. The present work represents a system to cater to this problem by monitoring and managing water levels automatically in relation to water’s electrical conductivity. For this purpose, wireless microcontroller-based water level detection and control is developed based on the nodal analysis of data employing the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is defined as a network where interconnected devices can communicate with each other over the Internet which can be used to complete tasks without any human intervention. In the present work, an indigenous water level sensor is developed using basic electronics components and interfaced with an ESP-WROOM-32 using an ADS1115 analog to digital converter (ADC). A GSM and GPRS module is also used for real-time cellular-based monitoring. The water level data will be monitored automatically to maintain a specific level of water in the field by regulating using water pumps.