Development of biosensors for the detection of biological elements and other analytes has evolved as a promising approach in many industrial applications. Agriculture is one such sector which utilizes the sensing technology to novel approaches such as smart and sustainable agriculture. The advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology has enhanced the efficiency of sensors to develop nanosensors. Incorporation of nanomaterials (NMs) to sensors greatly enhances the efficiency of biorecognition and signal transduction pathways. Inherent properties of NMs such as higher reactivity, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties enable them to be utilized in diverse sensor developments. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) are among the most studied and currently used materials in the field of nanotechnology due to its remarkable physico-chemical properties. Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and carbon quantum dots have been extensively studied and utilized in sensor platforms. Therefore, carbon-based nanosensors have numerous applications in sustained agriculture practices ranging from pathogen detection to monitor agrochemical toxicants and fertilizers. Although the implication of NMs in nanosensor development recognized as a promising approach, still there are concerns with regard to toxicological impacts on NMs on biological counterparts. Hence, this elaborates on the application of CNMs in agricultural practices.