Seed germination is a crucial step for the growth and development of plants. Several factors, such as temperature, humidity, light, and chemicals, may influence the phenomena. Nanomaterials are defined as substances with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of these substances are different and can affect the chemistry and metabolism of plants. Nanomaterials made of carbon atoms arranged in different ways, like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes, are called carbon-based nanomaterials. Studies have shown that carbon-based nanomaterials benefit the process of seed germination and the development of many crop species, particularly when exposed to stressful environmental circumstances. This chapter examines the existing research on improving the seed germination process in significant agricultural plant species using carbon-based nanomaterials. The text explores the potential methods by which carbon-based nanomaterials affect seed germination, including water absorption, oxidative stress, hormone communication, gene regulation, and enzyme function. Furthermore, it emphasizes the prospective uses of carbon-based nanomaterials in agriculture, including seed priming, seed coating, and seed transportation. The chapter ends by addressing the problems and prospects of using carbon-based nanomaterials in seed germination research and application.