The agricultural industry is constantly developing to meet the demands of the increasing population. However, this expansion comes at the world’s land and resources cost. Nanotechnology enables the development of sustainable agricultural methods and the reduction of agriculture’s environmental effects by using nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, and nanofertilizers. Due to the notable advancements in nanotechnology, carbon-based nanomaterials have found extensive utilization across various sectors of the plant system. Nanoparticles, particularly those used in fertilizers, can augment crop growth, boost nutrient absorption, and mitigate nutrient runoff. The extension of root length, heightened water usage efficiency, elevated rates of photosynthesis, and several other advantages achieve enhanced crop growth and output. The existing comprehension of the accumulation, transport, plant growth responses, and stress modulations of Carbon nanomaterials in the plant system still need to be completed. Scientists worldwide have tried to gain new insights into the interactions between plants and carbon nanomaterials and their effects. This chapter aims to provide the reader with the latest information on the effects of various carbon nanomaterials on the development and yield of agricultural plants, focusing on promoting healthier plants and increasing productivity. Furthermore, greater attention must be devoted to comprehending the mechanism underpinning the interactions between carbon nanomaterials and plants.