This book chapter delves deeply into the intricate symbiosis between carbon-based nanomaterials and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), exploring their profound implications for sustainable agricultural crop production. Renowned for their versatile applications, carbon-based nanomaterials wield significant influence over the dynamics of plant growth. As these nanomaterials permeate the plant system, intricately navigating through roots and shoots, their interaction with PGPR emerges as a decisive factor shaping the agricultural milieu. The chapter meticulously scrutinizes an array of factors, encompassing size, concentration, solubility, and attributes of the growth medium that intricately modulate the influence of carbon nanomaterials on PGPR and, subsequently, their effects on crop plants. The penetration of carbon nanotubes serves as a catalyst for metabolic shifts within plants, culminating in amplified biomass, heightened fruit production, and augmented grain yield. Striking outcomes encompass the expeditious acceleration of seed germination rates and overall enhancement of plant growth. Furthermore, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene-based nanomaterials exhibit promising effects under stress conditions, endowing resilience against salinity and drought across diverse plant species. The chapter accentuates the pivotal role of these nanomaterials in sculpting the soil microorganism milieu, a critical component for fostering sustainable agriculture through the nuanced interplay between the rhizosphere and root systems.