Crop plants are continually subjected to a variety of environmental challenges, including temperature changes, which have a substantial impact on their growth and productivity. The application of carbon-based nanoparticles (CBNs) has emerged as a viable technique for reducing temperature stress in crops. This chapter discusses the role of CBNs in regulating temperature stress in crop plants, emphasizing their distinct characteristics and modes of action. The chapter opens with an overview of temperature stress in crop plants and the need for regulating it for optimal productivity. It then goes over the many varieties of CBNs, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes, and their distinct features that make them suited for temperature stress control. The mechanisms of CBNs in managing temperature stress are expanded, emphasizing their significance in regulating plant physiology, influencing plant biochemistry, and evoking molecular responses in plants. Furthermore, the chapter delves into CBN applications in crop plants, such as boosting heat tolerance and production under high-temperature conditions, with case studies and experimental evidence to back it up. Challenges associated with CBN environmental and safety considerations, as well as scaling up CBN-based solutions for field applications, are discussed. The chapter finishes with future thoughts on the use of CBNs in regulating temperature stress in crop plants, highlighting the importance of additional studies to fully realize their promise in agricultural practices.