Techno-Econo-Environmental Analysis of Hybrid PV-Battery System Integrated with Drinking Water Treatment Plant

This paper proposes a grid-connected hybrid PV/battery system for a drinking water treatment plant to achieve low-carbon and cost-effective operations. A multi-objective model is proposed for the decision-maker to optimize system size and operation schedules. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is minimized while the self-sufficiency ratio target is met and carbon emissions are reduced. The proposed model is further applied to a real case in Foshan, China to demonstrate the applicability for real implementation. The results of this study show that the hybrid system’s LCOE can achieve 0.4597 CNY/kWh (which is 30% lower than the main-grid supplied system), with the self-sufficiency ratio reaching 67.8% and carbon emissions reduced by 32.2%.