The Emergence of a Critical White Theology

The history of Whiteness within the Christian church is deeply intertwined with the legacy of colonialism and the ongoing perpetuation of racism in theological discourse. From the well-documented complicity of Christian institutions in the transatlantic slave trade to the ongoing marginalization of black and indigenous voices within religious contexts, the Western Christian church has only recently begun to reckon with its role in causing harm. This chapter explores the emergence of a critical White theology movement, interrogating the ways in which Whiteness has been embedded in Christian theology and practice. The chapter begins by examining the role of the church as the “religious arms” of the imperialist movement. It explores historical injustices and their ongoing legacy within present theological discussions and lived realities. It then draws on the foundational works of James Cone and Willie Jennings to explore the decolonizing work of liberation theology, acknowledging the vital role these voices have in reframing the broader conversation of Whiteness within the global church. Finally, it explores the emerging critical White theology frameworks that are being developed within grassroots Christian movements, and reiterates Barrett and Marsh’s call for these to permeate theological institutions, education, and practice.