Delivery Systems: Miniaturised PROTAC, Nano PROTAC, and Aptamer-Based RNA PROTAC

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a promising approach in drug discovery, enabling the targeted degradation of specific proteins implicated in various diseases. The development history of PROTACs dates to the early 2000s, marked by significant milestones leading to their current state of advancement. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are hetero-bifunctional small molecules with three chemical elements: a ligand binding to a target protein, a ligand binding to E3 ubiquitin ligase, and a linker for conjugating these two ligands. Despite their therapeutic potential, PROTACs face challenges such as selectivity, stability, and delivery. The future of PROTACs lies in overcoming these hurdles and enhancing their efficacy and safety profiles. Nano PROTAC delivery systems have garnered attention for their unique characteristics and functionality, facilitating targeted protein degradation with improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Aptamer-based RNA PROTAC delivery systems offer a promising avenue for targeted drug delivery, leveraging the specificity of aptamers for precise targeting and integration with PROTAC technology. In comparative analysis, Various drug delivery systems like liposomes, nanotechnology and co-crystallization play crucial roles in enhancing the efficacy and selectivity of PROTACs, presenting distinct advantages and challenges. Looking ahead, the future of targeted protein degradation through PROTACs holds immense promise, with potential advancements and applications across diverse disease areas like cancer, targeted protein degradation and overcoming common resistance mechanisms.