Application of Marine Biomass for Carbon Neutrality, Sustainable Environment and Bioeconomy, Regulations, and Policy Framework

Marine biomass is a diverse and abundant resource that holds significant potential for promoting carbon neutrality, a sustainable environment, and a thriving bioeconomy. It can be harnessed to create a wide array of valuable products, including biofuels, biomaterials, and various other items, all of which contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and generating new economic opportunities. The development of the marine bioeconomy is integral to reaching carbon neutrality and a sustainable environment. Marine biomass can play a significant role in achieving carbon neutrality and addressing climate change. This work deals with the applications of marine biomass for achieving carbon neutrality by various processes, such as restoration of seagrass and mangrove, conservation and reestablishment of salt marshes and seagrasses, cultivation of marine biomass-based carbon neutral bioproducts, such as bioplastics, development of sustainable mariculture, production of ocean-based renewable energy, seaweed cultivation, and carbon neutral shipping. Further this work also highlights on the utilization of biomass in a variety of ways to promote sustainability and support a bio-based economy by biofuel production, carbon sequestration, aquaculture, bioremediation, and economic opportunities to coastal communities. Regulatory frameworks and policies of different countries are discussed to ensure the conservation of marine resources. This chapter provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in this dynamic field.