Production of Biofuel from Macroalgae/Seaweed

To meet the energy demand of the world, existing fossil fuels were insufficient because of their nonrenewability and producing environmental pollution. Hence, there is an urgent need to replace fossil fuels. Marine macroalgae (green, red, and brown macroalgae) have attracted attention as an alternative source of renewable biomass for producing both fuels with zero carbon dioxide emission and biocompatible compounds with medicinal and industrial applications. Microalgae can grow easily and efficiently by utilizing the carbon resources in the water for higher biofuel production. The existence of elevated levels of structural polysaccharides and low lignin contents make them attractive for biofuel production. Thermochemical and microbiological processes are the two main processes used for converting macroalgae into biofuels. The development of algae-based biofuel emits zero carbon dioxide, in turn is eco-friendly in nature and benefits producers economic and social advancement. This chapter focuses on the biofuel production from different macroalgae species.