Conclusion: Proud to Be an Oldest Old Adult

The main issues addressed in the book are summarized in the conclusion, which is followed by a list of recommendations. Despite some advancements, the concept of the fourth age remains poorly understood. Globally, the oldest old population is expanding rapidly, yet little effort is being made to actively include them. Specific activities discussed in various chapters, such as work, dance, art, cultural activities, and volunteering, are highlighted. Through discursive approaches and qualitative methodologies, the chapters delve into how oldest old adults navigate this stage of their life. They endure difficulties, but also they are engaged deeply in activities that make their lives worthwhile. Above all the overarching theme of the book is emphasized: combating ageism and demonstrating that oldest old people can participate in various activities, thereby enhancing their health and well-being. It is imperative to reinvent ageing, assigning new meanings to this stage of life enabling individuals to live fully the last years of one’s life. A list of specific recommendations is provided to inform policies aimed at fostering the inclusion of oldest old people in society.