Overview

With increasingly serious problems such as the energy crisis, greenhouse effect, and environmental pollution, renewable energy such as photovoltaic (PV) power and wind power have attracted extensive attention all over the world. The newly installed capacity of renewable energy has been increasing recently. According to the Renewables 2021: Global Status Report (GSR) [1] released by Ren21, the global newly installed capacity of renewable energy power generation exceeded 256 GW in 2021, in which PV and wind power accounted for the top two with approximately 139 GW and 93 GW, respectively. In recent years, China has been at the forefront of the renewable energy development with remarkable achievements and the cumulative installed capacity of PV and wind power ranks first in the world. The annual cumulative installed capacity of PV and wind power in China until 2020 is shown in Fig. 1.1. The growth rate of PV power is significant, increasing from 25 GW in 2014 to 253 GW in 2020. The cumulative installed capacity has been almost equivalent to that of wind power.