Friction Stir Welding and Processing: A Review

A modern technique for combining metals, friction stir welding (FSW), provides more options for joining different metal alloys. Among its present applications are magnesium, copper, steel, and thermoplastics, in addition to the aluminum alloys for which it is widely used. Major sectors including shipbuilding, railroads, airplanes, and land transportation have all exploited the method of welding alloys. The primary subjects of this review study include friction stir welded alloy materials; friction stir welded input parameters, FSW tool design considerations, and FSW principles. Focusing on the feed, spindle speed, and other pertinent aspects of the welding process, the current status is being examined for recommendation of necessary input constraints. The goal of this examination is to gain a better knowledge of the properties that the welded materials exhibit and the process by which defects develop.