Theranostic Applications of Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles

In the present book chapter, we have discussed all fundamental aspects related to synthesis techniques, different types of characterizations, mechanisms of afterglow and applications in the medical fields of persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs). Different types of applications in the context of luminescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, different forms of tumor diagnosis, and means of treatments are reported. Recent studies reported by researchers based on modification and design transfer of biological surfaces of PLNPs are specified in our content. Exploration of the afterglow property to upgrade the sensitivity of nanoprobes in viz. biosensing, bioimaging, theranostics, etc. are reviewed in the present study. We have also debated about various techniques for tumor-targeted imaging, methods to improve the accuracy of stem cell tracking, different therapies based on stem cells, highly efficient multimodal nanoprobes for imaging, and nano-agents for theranostic applications. Limitations and scope for improvement of PLNPs for applications in biomedical systems are also debated in the current study.