X-Ray-Activated Persistent Luminescence

X-ray-activated persistent luminescence (PersL) has emerged recently and is becoming a research hotspot with great promise in a set of frontier applications. Unlike traditional PersL materials, the use of high-energy X-rays as an excitation source can achieve multiple and full-spectral PersL emissions, opening a new door for the development of PersL materials and an extension of the library of luminescent materials. In this chapter, we focus on the latest progress of X-ray-activated PersL materials and their frontier applications. The luminescence mechanism and modulation strategy of X-ray-activated PersL are discussed. The multi-functional PersL nanoparticle implementation strategies based on both Stokes emissions and anti-Stokes emissions are summarized. The emerging frontier applications in biomedical diagnosis and treatment, information storage and encryption, advanced X-ray imaging, and other fields are also highlighted. The current scientific and technical issues together with future development perspectives are commented at the end.