A Systematic Review on Energy-Efficient Techniques for Sustainable Cloud Computing

Often considered global warming and climate change present an overarching concern for the future. However, ignored to recognize the extraordinary impact that the Information and Communications Technologies ecology has on the global demand for resources, primarily from the usage of electrical energy. Within this ecology, data centers have emerged as an area of high usage, and therefore present a prime opportunity for energy savings. Data center usage appears to be accelerating with the advent of entirely new and massive environments such as Meta. These emerging circumstances only increase the need to focus on advancing energy savings in data centers. No single method of reducing energy consumption has proved to be sufficient to resolve these needs. A sequence of techniques has to be used to handle this issue. Some of the options are load balancing (distribution of a set of tasks over a set of resources), service migration (SaaS, IaaS, PaaS, and CaaS), hardware efficiency (e.g., automated sleeping mode), software optimization through migration (e.g., SQL to SQL Lite), heterogeneous scheduling (schedulers that optimize available hardware resources) and other similar techniques. In this paper, a classified list of approaches and strategies are listed and models are discussed giving an overview of the current scenario of cloud computing and the energy-efficient techniques contributing to it. The study is essential as the demand for local data centers and their maintenance is a must for any organization or government firm.