The Dynamic Investigation of Ball Screw Feed Drive System Using Vibration Analysis

The ball screw feed drive system (BFDS) is a popular drive mechanism used in CNC milling machines due to its ability to respond flexibly to operating conditions. This study aims to survey, describe, and classify the different vibration modes of the BFDS using dynamic modeling methods. The two main vibration modes are axial vibration mode and torsional mode, and they are influenced by physical geometry such as the size, length, and screw pitch of the ball screw, as well as stiffness and total equivalent mass. The preload value provided by the manufacturer also affects the axial and torsional vibration of the ball screw. Therefore, this study presents a dynamic modeling method that utilizes BFDS dynamic parameters to predict the natural frequency. Additionally, this paper presents an experimental vibration measurement model for the BFDS that uses Fourier Transform (FT) to analyze the vibration signal. The calculated and measured results of vibration frequency are compared to interpret the vibration modes of the BFDS, particularly the ball screw. Based on the results obtained, some conclusions are drawn to evaluate the effectiveness of the dynamic modeling method for BFDS. From there, a process was established to calculate and predict vibration frequencies for BFDS.