Impact of Post-mining Restoration Techniques on Soil Health

Stone mining is characterized by series of changes in landscape and creating higher environmental stress. Mining is characterized by destruction of vegetation cover, soil quality deterioration, environmental degradation and soil erosion, thus disrupting fundamental ecological functions. Topsoil removal, vegetation stripping, excavation, dumping and transportation activities have severe negative impact on soil properties and health. The chapter examines the methods of mining reclamation that affect soil properties (chemical, physical and biological), emphasizing effect of reclamation on soil health and ecosystem services. Soil quality is one of the most important sections of restoring ecological function after mining. Soil is the foundation of vegetation restoration in post-mining area and provides the direction for developing such landscapes. Reclamation measures such as vegetation establishment, application of amendments, technosol, etc. are the most strategies utilized for stone minespoils. Previous studies have illustrated application of organic amendments, improved soil conditions, enhanced carbon content, stimulating microbial population, carbon stabilization in aggregates and reduced erosion, thus improving plant growth and survival. Technosol or artificial soils are prepared with mining waste, topsoil and organic amendments, enhancing soil pedogenesis, favouring soil nutrient availability, biological properties and water retention, thus assisting in development of vegetation. Soil function governed by the soil properties post reclamation are the basis of ecosystem services and considered the main reason for soil rehabilitation in mining areas. Reclamation focuses to restore mine soil quality and productivity, reducing negative impact of carbon loss and favouring biomass production, habitat function, hydrological stability and other development processes benefitting mutually human and environment.