State-of-the-Art Techniques and Evaluation Criteria for Mobile Application Offloading in Heterogeneous Networks: A Comprehensive Survey of Computation, Data, and Energy Offloading Approaches

Mobile applications have become a part of our daily lives. As mobile devices have limited resources such as battery life and computing power, mobile application offloading has emerged as a technique to enhance the performance and efficiency of mobile devices. Mobile apps offloading defines the operation of resource-transferring tasks from a smart mobile device to distant servers. For reducing the hard task on the mobile device. In other words, mobile application offloading refers to the process of transferring computational tasks, data, or energy from mobile devices to other computing resources, such as cloud servers or distant servers, edge devices, or peer devices, to overcome the limitations of mobile devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mobile application offloading in terms of importance, limitation, state of the art with evolution, types of offloading techniques, comparing the different approaches in mobile application offloading including its benefits, challenges, and evaluate the performance, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Case studies of real-world applications of mobile application offloading is presented, along with their benefits and limitations. The impact of offloading on the user experience and application performance is also discussed. Also, discuss the current research trends and future directions in this field. Overall, this review highlights the importance of mobile application offloading in overcoming the limitations of mobile devices and improving the user experience.