Geology, Seismotectonics, and Geodetic Deformation of Nepal

In this chapter, geology, seismotectonics and geodetic deformation of Nepal is described in short. Geology of the Kathmandu Valley is also covered. Major thrusts and rock formations are shown in maps. Importance of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) being the seat of large earthquakes is reiterated. Past Significant Earthquakes in Himalaya and especially in Nepal are listed and their effect is mentioned. The Bihar-Nepal Earthquake of 15 January 1934 and August 20, 1988 Udaipur Nepal Earthquake of Magnitude 6.8 earthquakes are described in much detail. Estimates of rupture lengths and areas of large earthquakes in Nepal and vicinity are given. Seismotectonics of Himalaya in general and Nepal in particular is described in detail including crustal structure, duplex structure, locked and active zones, and, role of transverse faults. India-Eurasia convergence rates derived from GPS measurements in different sectors derived by various investigators are given.