A Spatio-temporal Change Analysis of Umri Landslide: A Case Study from Haryana, India

Landslide is a natural phenomenon on the surface of the earth and is considered one of the most destructive and damaging natural hazards which are prominent in mountainous regions. Many lives, infrastructure, and landscapes have been impacted by landslides. In the state of Haryana, landslide is very conspicuous, among these Umri landslides are one of them. The present study tries to analyse the spatio-temporal variation of Umri landslide, Haryana. Slope, aspect, and relief are the primary factors for causing landslides. Umri landslide is considered one of the active landslide zones highly prominent in Morni Hills which is a part of lower Siwalik Mountain. The study has analysed different years of satellite imagery, total station surveys for generating the slope, aspect, contour map with the help of GIS software. Google Earth data has been used for the detection of change analysis of landslide regions. From 2010 to 2023, data has been compiled and for better understanding, the landslide region is divided into three parts, viz-upper, middle, and lower section and the area has been calculated simultaneously. The study found that the slope of the study area is flat land to a very steep slope which leads to severe landslides of this region. It is observed that the middle section of the region is relatively less affected by landslides compared to the upper section. Some neotectonics activities were also observed near the bank of the Ghaggar River in Umri. Spatio-temporal analysis has revealed that the landslide is moving up the slope as evident from the movement of the crown. There is a development of a choke point between the lower and middle section of the landslide slope with heavily jointed rocks visibly vulnerable to rockfall. Large cracks on either side are a reliable indicator of further enlargement of the landslide in the upper reaches of the slope in the future.