Diet and Its Potential Impact on the Prognosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is touted to influence the development of MS. This chapter will expand on the suggested roles of the different components within the Mediterranean diet on the development and progression of MS. It will explore how these dietary components and regimens influence the mechanistic pathways associated with MS. The MD, emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and low saturated fats, shows promise in alleviating MS symptoms. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a less severe form of MS attributed to antioxidants. Conversely, limited saturated fats align with a better prognosis, as they are involved in activating pro-inflammatory toll-like receptors, which are linked to a poor MS prognosis. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats in the MD exhibit protective effects. Human trials examining the role of the MD in MS have been thus far limited, emphasizing the need for extensive research to validate the MD’s therapeutic benefits in managing MS symptoms and long-term disability.