Plant-Based Extracts and Antioxidants: Implications on Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Recognizing the importance of mitigating oxidative damage, this abstract provides a succinct overview of the therapeutic potential of specific antioxidants—Ginkgo biloba, melatonin, curcumin, Edaravone, and N-acetyl cysteine—in the context of MS. Ginkgo biloba, a renowned herbal supplement, possesses robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Preclinical phase studies suggest it can modulate immune responses, reduce neuroinflammation, and potentially impede MS progression. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant hormone, displays neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects, positioning it as a promising adjunct therapy for MS. Curcumin, the active component of turmeric, demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, offering potential benefits in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting remyelination. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger approved for neurodegenerative disorders, holds promise in alleviating MS-related oxidative stress. N-acetyl cysteine, a glutathione precursor, exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential therapeutic avenue for MS. This chapter will delve into the therapeutic potential of these antioxidants for MS management through a discussion of preclinical and clinical trials.