Mobile Nodes Localization in USNs

This chapter addresses the mobile nodes localization challenges in underwater sensor networks (USNs), focusing on the impact of ocean currents and variable sound velocities. It introduces an enhanced ocean current model utilizing real data to improve node localization and prediction accuracy. The study then incorporates non-linear sound velocity effects due to depth changes, proposing a novel localization method based on sound propagation time. To tackle the issues of node mobility, fluctuating sound velocities, and unreliable measurements, a predictive localization approach using prior velocity information is developed. Additionally, the chapter proposes a model and a delay compensation scheme for localizing mobility-constrained nodes, facilitating accurate node positioning in complex underwater environments. These advancements offer robust solutions for USN operations, significantly improving the reliability and efficiency of node localization under the challenging conditions of underwater settings.