Design of Smart Wheelchair for Disabilities with Quadriplegia Through Brain–Computer Interface

This paper presents a real-time model for an automated wheelchair that operates by tracking eye movements, designed to assist individuals suffering from quadriplegia. This innovative model aims to enhance the quality of life for paralyzed individuals by offering a simplified wheelchair solution. The system functions by comparing data through serial communication with a dedicated microcontroller integrated circuit (IC). It detects eye movements similar to the crossing of an object between a transmitter and receiver, providing timely feedback and control. Within this paper, our focus lies on detecting voice as an object using an infrared signal that engages in serial communication with a controller. This controller, in turn, governs the wheelchair’s motion, responding to brainwave signals. Utilizing the NeuroSky MindWave EEG Headset, we have constructed a brain-controlled wheelchair that relies on EEG signals through a Brain–Computer Interface (BCI). This innovation is particularly beneficial for quadriplegic individuals who lack voluntary movement in any part of their body below the neck. Employing this technology enables quadriplegic individuals to achieve greater independence in their mobility. The wheelchair’s movements are modulated by the patient’s degree of attentiveness, with a double eyeblink serving as the means to activate or deactivate the device.