Effect of Nano-coolant Blends on the Performance of Compact Heat Exchanger—A Review

Compact heat exchangers are known for their maximum surface area per unit volume. The efficiency increases in compact heat exchangers compared with conventional heat exchangers. Coming to the application phase in automobiles like heavy vehicles, space requirements with high heat transfer rate is considerable. The composite development will surely enhance the heat transfer rate researchers need in such a way that it applies to all application needs. Nanoparticles, when formed into a stable suspension, can improve the base fluid's thermal properties. Nanofluids underperform traditional base fluids in heat absorbing and heat transmission by large majorities. Incorporating nanoparticles of metal or metal oxide into a fluid at low concentrations has been shown to increase thermal conductivity. Then, it delves to the most elaborate study on a new aspect of engineering fluids with nanoparticle suspensions at low concentrations. Particulate matter (metals, metal oxides, and carbons) added to working fluids can significantly improve their heat transfer properties. Present article discussed about detailed literature on heat exchangers and coolants with different flows as well as case study examples with future enhancement.