Origin of Magnetism, Synthesis, Characterization and Perspective Application of Magnetic Graphene

Graphene is a carbon allotrope with exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, and corrosion resistance. Because of these extraordinary qualities, numerous researchers have attempted to incorporate magnetism into graphene in order to advance its applications. The magnetic properties of typical magnetic materials are governed by d and f electrons. Graphene, on the other hand, is absent of such electrons. Many theories and experimental results demonstrate that magnetism in graphene can be induced under certain conditions. The beginning of this chapter discusses the origin of a material’s spin magnetic moment, and then it moves on to a discussion of the significance of different exchange interactions in lining up the spin magnetic moment for a material’s ferro, para, and anti-ferromagnetism. Since graphene lacks unpaired electron, which is required for magnetism, it has been explicitly stated how numerous factors are crucial in producing unpaired electron for magnetic graphene. Magnetic graphene synthesis methods have also been discussed in detail. The chapter concludes with possible perspective applications of magnetic graphene in biomedicine, chemical sensors, gas sensors, adsorbents, electrical systems, and photocatalysis, among other areas. The future scope of magnetic graphene has also been discussed.