Charging

This chapter focuses on the smart charging technologies for battery management system, which are crucial for the security and sustainable development of batteries. Conventional charging methods are developed based on some experience of use and thus usually only work reasonably well at normal temperatures and low rates. Once the battery is under fast or low temperature charging conditions, the empirical methods often lack the necessary considerations for the charging safety. Therefore, such methods are likely to cause rapid decline in battery capacity and even cause potential battery catastrophe.