Modeling

High-fidelity battery models are the fundamental for a wide range of battery management algorithms. It is well recognized that the high nonlinearities associated with the complex internal physical processes of LIB complicate the modeling process. The full consideration of such complex processes gives rise to the high-order multi-physical mechanism models, which are typically used for battery performance analysis and design optimization. With respect to the battery management, computational tractable models with reasonable accuracies are the primary choices, considering the need of practical implementation in real-time microprocessors with limited computational resources. Generally, the modeling methods potentially used for the BMS have been extensively studied over years.