Deep Brain Stimulation with Machine Learning Classification Through Conformal Wearables

A particular application for the use of conformal wearables equipped with inertial sensors and wireless access is the ability to objectively quantify the response to an assortment of deep brain stimulation parameter configurations for the treatment of a movement disorder, such as Parkinson’s disease. Four parameters are available for the tuning of deep brain stimulation, such as amplitude, frequency, pulse width, and polarity. A summary of the research achieved by applying a series of deep brain stimulation amplitude settings, which is the predominant of the available parameters, for a subject with Parkinson’s disease is discussed. The associated acceleration magnitude derived from the conformal wearable’s inertial sensor system provides a visual context to contrast the deep brain stimulation therapeutic response. Intuitively, this inertial sensor signal data can be post-processed using Python for software automation to establish a feature set for machine learning classification. Using the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) a multilayer perceptron neural network is applied to attain considerable classification accuracy to distinguish between the assortment of deep brain stimulation amplitude settings. As an extension the J48 decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, logistic regression, and random forest machine learning algorithms are considered in the context of both their classification accuracy and time to develop the machine learning model. This research is extended to a deep learning algorithm utilizing a convolutional neural network. Additional optimization techniques, such as hyperparameter tuning and modifying the feature set, are discussed. The amalgamation of conformal wearables comprised of internalized inertial sensors and wireless characteristics with machine learning are envisioned to substantially impact and augment clinical situational awareness and diagnostics acuity for the therapeutic intervention of deep brain stimulation for treating movement disorders.