Plants and Phytochemicals with Antiarrhythmic Properties

Cardiovascular disease poses a major health risk globally, with a forecasted fatality count of 24 million by 2030. Arrhythmia is characterized by an irregular heartbeat that can impair the functioning capacity of the heart. Treatment options vary, including medication, lifestyle changes, procedures, and devices such as pacemakers or ICDs, depending on the type and severity of arrhythmia. However, natural compounds such as berberine, allicin, and glycyrrhetinic acid have been reported to be successful in the treatment of arrhythmia in vitro and in vivo, with some mechanisms, such as interactions with various proteins, ions, and signalling molecules. Currently available antiarrhythmic drugs have significant adverse effects, which are sometimes irreversible. Hence, it is necessary to identify new drug molecules with potential antiarrhythmic effects and minimal adverse effects. This chapter highlights the roles of various phytochemical compounds and extracts in the management of arrhythmias.