Nonionizing, Noninvasive Surface Imaging (Desktop and Intraoral Scanning) for Dentoalveolar Applications

Nonionizing and noninvasive surface imaging enables efficient and convenient information storage, retrieval, and sharing. Digital models are created using nonionizing and noninvasive surface imaging technologies. This imaging approach generates optical slices of a digital impression at different depths with high resolution and contrasts in x, y, and z coordinates. Digital models are obtained by either direct intraoral scanning or indirect desktop scanning. Intraoral scanning utilizes noncontact optical principles and technologies, such as laser and computer technology, to create novel algorithms for digital picture processing. Desktop scanners often use structured light technology, often known as noncontact optical measuring. This method utilizes binocular stereovision along with structured light to capture 3D images. Desktop scanners are capable of scanning impressions, full arch model dies, articulators, implants, and abutments. This chapter focuses on the historical development of digital impressions. The text also covers different technologies, criteria for selection, and the use of intraoral and desktop scanners. This chapter briefly discusses the commercially available desktop and intraoral scanners.