Importance of Traditional Medicines in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

Since ancient times, traditional medicines have been used for the treatment of varied neurological diseases and symptoms as evidenced in the relics of Indian Ayurvedic medicines and Chinese traditional medicines. Numerous studies have shown the efficacy of various compounds derived from traditionally used medicinal plants in improving the conditions of patients with neurological disorders and in preclinical investigations of neurological disorders. Many medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various peripheral nervous systems. Since oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to play a significant role in neurodegeneration and various brain pathogenesis, they provide a certain extent of protection against neurological disorders. Treatment with synthetic drugs is cost-effective; however, clinical trials have failed because of various adverse side effects. Moreover, many drugs available for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are for symptomatic treatments rather than for curing the diseases. This highlights the critical need for alternate medicines to treat such diseases. The main objective of this chapter is to provide a detailed comprehensive review of the potential of traditionally used medicines against neurological disorders and to inspire the development of improved, efficient, and innovative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurological diseases.