Conclusions and Outlook

Nanostructured catalysts are of great interest from a basic science point of view as technological applications. The above four chapters introduced the preparation, characterization and application of nanoparticle catalysts, nano-cluster catalysts, single-atom catalysts, and nanoporous metal catalysts in organic synthesis. It can be found that nanostructured catalysts have broad application prospects in the field of organic synthesis. Among them, the nanoparticle catalysts, single-atom catalysts, and nanoporous metal catalysts belong to heterogeneous catalysts; while, the unsupported nano-cluster catalysts belong to homogeneous catalysts. These catalysts have different advantages and disadvantages in organic synthesis.