Future Perspectives for the Management of Migraine Pain

Migraine is a neurological disorder associated with throbbing headaches and often an aura. The exact etiology of migraine is not fully known yet, but various foods and lifestyle-related activities are considered as triggers for migraine headaches. In the year 2019, the study by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) investigated a significant increase in estimated cases of migraine worldwide of 1.1 billion. Migraine not only affect an individual but also creates a socioeconomic impact. Commonly migraine is treated by antimigraine drugs and analgesics for symptomatic relief. However, none of these can completely serve as a remedy for this disease. Therefore, alternate and advanced strategies are required. Hence, there is a need for novel therapeutic targets for treating migraine that includes inflammatory peptides and neuromodulation devices. Dietary changes and alternate diets such as ketogenic, elimination, and epigenetic diets are being advised to avoid food-related triggering agents. The gut microbiota has been linked to migraine, and hence currently probiotics have gained immense attention in treating migraine. Neuromodulation could be a potentially effective treatment for migraine. The application of AI-based tools can be helpful in migraine diagnosis. According to a study, there was good concordance in the diagnosis of migraines using an online, self-administered comparison diagnostic engine. Apart from these strategies, pharmacoeconomic models could be established to identify the financial viability amongst the various treatment alternatives. The evaluation of pharmacoeconomic models includes the assessment of quality of life (QoL), disability and impact, and socioeconomic burden. To conclude, a combined approach of therapy and lifestyle modification based on socioeconomic parameters can aid in reducing the global burden of migraine disease.