A Study on Ion Thrusters as a Replacement for Current Engine Technology

Ion Thrusters are a relatively newer technology aimed to replace current chemical propulsion techniques. The aim of this research in ion propulsion is to provide a permanent solution for interstellar space missions, where there is no feasibility of chemical propellants due to volumetric and logistical requirements. This paper aims to introduce the concept of Ion Thrusters from its fundamental aspects, while also providing a clear glimpse of the developments in this field and the contributions that led to the development of this technology. Ion Thrusters work using xenon as the main propellant gas which in turn drives the complete ionization process. Electric propulsion is divided into three main subtypes, electrostatic, electrothermal, and electromagnetic propulsion, of which Ion Thruster belongs to electrostatic rocket propulsion. The discussion of practical examples extrapolates the proof of concept of Ion thrusters, while also providing an insight into the nascency of Ion Thrusters. This paper apprises about the core idea and the genesis of Ion Thrusters, and why it is the next leap for commercial space travel. The ultimate objective of this paper is to underline the efficiency of ion thrusters, and the role it will play in the years to come.