Fully Homomorphic Encryption for Embedded Systems: IP Core Design and Implementation

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a critical cryptographic tool, especially in challenging cloud computing environments with stringent security requirements. This unique encryption method allows computations on encrypted data while keeping the original plain text hidden, distinguishing it from conventional encryption techniques. Notably, FHE schemes tailored for integers offer the advantage of shorter public keys, making them well-suited for efficiently implementing addition and multiplication operations. Moreover, they seamlessly integrate into FFT-based multiplication architectures by utilizing efficient integer multiplication algorithms, further enhancing their suitability as fundamental encryption components in FHE schemes designed for integer operations. This paper presents the hardware implementation of the CMNT scheme proposed by Coron et al. and CNT encryption primitives specifically designed for Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) over integers. The CMNT scheme was proposed by Coron et al. in 2011, which is an improvement over the first FHE scheme proposed by van Dijk et al. The CNT scheme was presented in 2012 and has the smallest public key size among the three FHE schemes over integers. Incorporating modular reduction in Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) substantially addresses storage concerns and simplifies intricate computations.