The lengthy period in human history when stone tools were the main means of production has been named the Stone Age by archaeologists and historians. To understand this era, we mainly rely on valuable archaeological and ethnological evidence. In the Palaeolithic Age, the seeds of geological knowledge were primarily revealed in the production practices, the living environments chosen by humans, the minerals and rocks used in stone tools, and the early communication activities. Entering the Neolithic Age, the forms of geological knowledge became increasingly diverse and can be traced not only in the cases previously mentioned but also through the funerary customs and records of primitive texts.