FOAN Architectures Enabling FTTX/5G/6G/IoT/Smart City Applications and Services

Access networks for legacy passive optical networksPassive Optical Network (PON) (PONPassive Optical Network (PON)) are implemented in a point-to-multipoint (PtM) configuration. The incorporation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDMWavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)) technology enables point-to-point (PtP) network configurations. FOANFuture Optical Access Network (FOAN) enables the consolidation of all types of data and services from a variety of service providers and vendors onto a single fiber platform. Simultaneously, FOANFuture Optical Access Network (FOAN) will look beyond PtP or PtM physical connectivity to address user last-mile issues and connect wireless and mobile users, smart city nodes, and IoTInternet-of-Things (IoT)-based applications. FOANFuture Optical Access Network (FOAN) network architectures will include standalone and/or converged long-haul wide area networksWide Area Network (WAN) (WANsWide Area Network (WAN)), regional or edge networks referred to as metropolitan area networks (MANs), and access networks within a 20–40 km radius. Simulative analysis of effective multiplexing strategies and wavelength plan utilization to support a multichannel, multi-service scenario for FOANFuture Optical Access Network (FOAN) will be presented, as well as ODN configurations such as wavelength select (WS), wavelength routed (WR), and hybrid ODN. Apart from time and wavelength division multiplexingWavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) (TWDMTime and Wavelength Division Multiplexed (TWDM)), hybrid TDM/WDMWavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), and long-reach (LR) hybrid WDMWavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network architectures, FOANFuture Optical Access Network (FOAN) will be implemented using futuristic architectures such as hybrid long-reach fiber access networks (HYDRAHybrid Long Reach fiber access network (HYDRA)) with low-cost and energy-efficient active remote nodes (ARN) to interface users, virtual networking, effective resource utilization through orchestration, and incorporation of software-defined networks (SDNSoftware-Defined Networking (SDN)). The FOANFuture Optical Access Network (FOAN) network architecture, which includes optical wireless (OWOptical Wireless (OW)) and free space optics (FSOFree Space Optics (FSO)) channels, will be presented for wireless connectivity of nodes in indoor and outdoor access networks with varying degrees of environmental turbulence.