Rhododendron L.: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomy, Conservation, and Improvement Strategies

The Rhododendron L., a member of the Ericaceae family, is a compact evergreen tree with pinkish or red flowers. The members of the family are distributed throughout the world, with approximately 1025 species. As many as 135 species have been reported thriving at altitudes ranging from 1500 to 5500 metres above sea level from the Indian Himalayas. Besides its immense horticultural importance, it has many medicinal and economic uses. Its flowers have been utilised to prepare various items such as pickles, juice, syrup, and honey. Its several species are used to cure various health issues, including swelling, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, common cold, headaches, asthma, skin conditions, and sore throat. Some rhododendrons are considered toxic and have been used traditionally as poison. This chapter comprehensively covers its taxonomy, geographical distribution, and reproductive biology. Further, its threats and conservation strategies have also been discussed in detail in this chapter.