Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Functional Materials for Environmental Remediation

Industrial waste has been contaminating the aquatic, land, and atmospheric environment for many years. Researchers around the world are investigating the use, modification, recycling ability, and harmful characteristics of various naturally found and eco-friendly products. Functional materials produced from lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized to remove environmental pollutants such as phenolic substances, dyes, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and toxic gases. Sources based on plants such as wood, industrial waste, municipal waste, and agricultural leftovers can be used to generate this material. This chapter aims to discuss the role of lignocellulosic biomass-derived activated carbon in removing contaminants from the environment. Because lignocellulosic wastes are numerous and affordable, they provide a viable feedstock option. They have hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, which are good at removing impurities. This assists in solving ecological problems including air pollution, soil pollution, water contaminants, and the buildup of agricultural residue. Activated carbon is produced by lignocellulosic biomass by carbonization and activation. Increased pore volume and high surface area are the important characteristics of the activated carbon or biochar which enhances adsorption capacity. The methods used to produce biochar from various lignocellulosic biomass sources are reviewed in this chapter, along with the impact of biochar modification on pore size and surface area. The chapter assesses biochar's capacity for a range of environmental applications using a variety of measurement methods. Activated carbon derived from biomass has the potential to greatly improve profitability while also safeguarding the environment.