Renewable Functional Materials Derived from Animal Wastes and Organic Garbage Waste to Wealth–A Green Innovation in Biomass Circular Bioeconomy

Waste generation has become a collective issue across all industries, posing an immediate threat to the environment. It is anticipated that the extent of global waste being generated will continue to increase due to economic expansion, population growth, and the intensity of urbanization. As technology has advanced, new strategies for managing trash have been created to transform it into useful resources. The circular economy is greatly impacted by the availability of biomass and the beneficial conversion of waste into a variety of bioproducts and energy. Waste-to-wealth technologies provide a convenient solution for environmental loading and producing renewable functional materials. Transforming biowaste into biomaterials has been the focus of massive research, and numerous approaches have been investigated. Through bioprocessing, a variety of novel biomaterials can be created from biowaste, including collagen, chitosan, chondroitin sulphate, pullulan, hydroxyapatite, cellulose, gelatin, and carbon-based nanocomposites. These concepts illustrate the differences between our current throwaway (linear) culture, the recycling economy, and the circular bioeconomy. A comprehensive overview of current advancements in the synthesis of various bio-based polymers and biocomposite materials derived from renewable resources is specified in this review. The chapter provides an in-depth summary of current research on the development of functional biocomposites. It will provide essential information regarding the challenges and possibilities related to these innovative bio-based polymer materials and biocomposites for a variety of applications, such as the biomedical, automotive, building, packaging, healthcare, and engineering sectors. To throw light on the waste side of the circular economy transition and a glimpse into the future, we look at the most recent advancements in waste valorization and circular bioeconomy concepts. Proponents of the “circular bioeconomy” aim to develop a process that recycles and reutilizes waste products, ensuring that garbage and animal waste can be transformed into valuable biomaterials and their uses.