Medicinal Potential of Traditional Rice of India for Widespread Health Benefits

Rice serves as the fundamental dietary element for the majority of Asians, providing sustenance to over two billion individuals. It provides a balanced proportion of essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, making it crucial for human health. Beyond its nutritional value, rice has a rich history of medicinal use dating back to ancient civilizations. This chapter explores the medicinal aspects of rice, particularly focusing on indigenous medicinal rice varieties prevalent in Asia. The shift in disease prevalence in India towards lifestyle-related ailments has prompted a search for affordable and accessible medicinal food sources. Scientists are investigating various approaches, including agronomical methods and genetic engineering, to develop crops with both nutritional and medicinal attributes. Traditional medicinal systems recognize rice for its therapeutic properties, emphasizing its holistic role in promoting health and well-being. The chapter highlights the medicinal significance of rice in traditional medicine, citing examples from Chinese, Indian, Malaysian, Cambodian, and Filipino traditions. Furthermore, it explores the nutritional composition of rice, including its carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, and mineral content, as well as its cholesterol profile and extends to the science of healing, elucidating the medicinal properties of rice, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic attributes. Specific indigenous rice varieties such as Njavara, Red rice, Gathuwan, Bhejari, Sarai Phool, Jeerakasala, Kichili samba etc. are known for their therapeutic potential in addressing various health conditions. The exploration of indigenous medicinal rice varieties will bridge ancient wisdom with contemporary scientific understanding, offering insights into their potential contributions to holistic well-being and preventive healthcare.