Sustainable Application of Olive by-Products in Aquafeeds; Effect on Growth, Physiological Response, and Disease Resistance in Fish Species

Numerous inexpensive and potentially useful components, such as olive oil by-products, have been researched to substitute fish meal and fish oil. These alternatives have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in terms of fish productivity and health. Nevertheless, the process of extracting olive oil produces massive amounts of by-products, such as wastewater, stones, pomace residues, and leaves, all of which have a negative influence on the environment due to their high organic content and phytotoxicity. Olive oil waste products are thought to be a cheap, plentiful source of bioactive chemicals with a wide range of health benefits. Olive leaf, olive pomace, and olive mill wastewater (OMW) are by-products of the production of olives and olive oil in the agricultural sector. Agricultural waste management can be achieved by incorporating these by-products into animal meals. Since the initial report on the use of olive oil by-products in fish feed was published in 2004, a great deal of research has been done to examine the health benefits for fish, especially in the aspect of immune response and carcass composition. Therefore, this chapter covered the use of by-products from olive oil production in aquafeed, which offers important opportunities for improving fish growth performance and perhaps accelerating the development of the aquaculture sector.