Shari’a on Citizenship and Political Participation in a “Non-Muslim” Country

This chapter explores the issues of civic engagement, political participation, and the evolving Muslim identity within Western societies, in relation to unofficial Islamic law. By engaging in a discussion on topics such as citizenship, democracy, human rights, and political engagement, the chapter aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the spectrum of opinions among Muslim individuals and scholars regarding civic participation. This spectrum ranges from fervent advocacy for active involvement in political processes to reservations or even discouragement towards such activities. Furthermore, the chapter examines the patterns of political behaviour observed among diverse Muslim communities residing in Western societies.